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TM 10-3930-644-14&P
Figure 1-2. Power Shift - Hydraulic Schematic
In normal Lift Truck operation the turbine turns at a
encounters a resistance, and it takes power (from the
slower speed than the impeller an since both are the
engine) to keep the Impeller running against this
same dimension, the centrifugal force on the oil in the
resistance.  in the turbine the oil is slowed down and
impeller is always greater than that of the oil in the
presses forward against the vanes, and when the turbine
turbine. It is this difference plus the pressurized oil from
is moving under this force, power to drive the truck is
the pump which causes the oil to circulate in and through
produced. Thus, all the oil passing through the impeller
the converter.
picks up energy and gives it to the turbine. Up to this
point operation is the same as a fluid coupling and there
From the above it can be seen that the oil in the
is no torque multiplication.
converter has a dual motion. It travels with the impeller
and the turbine around the outer circumference of the
To transmit velocity to the oil at the inner circumference
converter  and  it  also  flows  around  the  inner
of the converter, a third member, the stator, is added to
circumference or central core of the converter.  As a
the fluid coupling, between the impeller and the turbine.
result of these motions the oil carries a certain amount of
It is here that the fluid coupling becomes a torque
kinetic energy. The velocity of the oil in the converter
converter.  With the impeller rotating and the turbine
increases as the oil passes through the impeller to the
stalled, the oil is driven through the curved blades of the
turbine and decreases as it passes through the turbine
turbine.
The curved blades redirect the oil in the
back to the impeller.
opposite direction from which it was received. As the oil
leaves the turbine blades, it strikes the stator blades
Since the velocity increases in the impeller, its kinetic
causing a reaction which produces torque multiplication.
energy increases and this gain in kinetic energy can
come only from the impeller.  That is to say, when
The stator directs the oil back to the Impeller where any
increasing the velocity of oil in its vanes, the impeller
remaining kinetic energy combines with the kinetic
energy of the impeller oil,
R-171-1
3-116

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